Where Are They Now? Johnny Depp and the Cast of Tim Burton’s “Alice in Wonderland”

We figured out how to make pictures move in the late 1800s and not long after, adaptations of one of the most popular stories in world history started popping up. The first film adaptation of Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland ran twelve minutes and was noted for its innovative use of special effects. Since then, there have been over thirty Alice in Wonderland films including the iconic Disney animated movie. In 2006, Disney went into development on an updated Alice adaptation and hired Batman and Sleepy Hollow director Tim Burton, whose gothic sensibilities and singular visual style had delighted both audiences and critics alike.

Released in 2010, Alice in Wonderland is a loose adaptation of Carroll’s tale, following nineteen-year-old Alice Kingsleigh as she rediscovers Wonderland and learns she is destined to dethrone the tyrannical Red Queen. The film was a smash at the box office, raking in over $1 billion worldwide, making it the second-highest-grossing film of the year behind Toy Story 3. Burton’s Alice was lauded for its style, tone, and use of CGI, with Michael Rechtshaffen writing in The Hollywood Reporter, “Burton has delivered a subversively witty, brilliantly cast, whimsically appointed dazzler…” And what about that cast? The star-studded ensemble featured longtime Burton collaborators Johnny Depp and Helena Bonham Carter alongside Anne Hathaway, Mia Wasikowska, and Alan Rickman. Their subsequent careers have been filled with franchise blockbusters, critical acclaim, and (interestingly) Les Miserables.

Let’s take a look at what Burton and his stars have been up to since the release of Alice in Wonderland:


Behind-the-scenes image of Tim Burton and Mia Wasikowska on a green screen set during the production of the 2010 fantasy adventure film "Alice in Wonderland".

Tim Burton – Director
A favorite of film students and Halloween enthusiasts, Tim Burton came into Alice on a twenty-year hot streak. From Beetlejuice to Batman, from Sleepy Hollow to Sweeney Todd, Burton was the go-to guy for offbeat stories infused with humor and horror set against a backdrop of surreal and fantastical visuals. Alice in Wonderland proved to be his greatest commercial success, grossing more than his previous four films combined, and earned Burton a Golden Globe nod for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy. Since then, the results have been…mixed. Burton found critical success with 2012’s Frankenweenie while Dark Shadows, Miss Peregrine’s Home for Peculiar Children, and his 2019 adaptation of Dumbo were moderate financial successes but failed to win over critics. In 2022 he dipped into TV for the first time in thirty-five years with the hit Netflix series Wednesday starring Jenny Ortega, who, incidentally, would be a perfect fit as Princess Alyss. Burton’s next project is the highly anticipated Beetlejuice Beetlejuice. The sequel to his 1988 cult classic sees him reunited with Michael Keaton, Winona Ryder, Catherine O’Hara, and Ortega and is slated to be released in September 2024.

Still image of Johnny Depp as Tarrant Hightopp/Mad Hatter from the 2010 fantasy adventure film "Alice in Wonderland".

Johnny Depp – Tarrant Hightopp/Mad Hatter
Johnny Depp’s career since Alice in Wonderland has been a smorgasbord of hits, tent poles, flops, and some quintessentially Deppian performances. First the good. The alt-core heartthrob followed up his predictably quirky turn as the Mad Hatter with a Golden Globe nomination for his work in the romantic thriller The Tourist and provided the title voice for Rango, which won the Oscar for Best Animated Feature. Depp reprised his role as the iconic Jack Sparrow in the latest installments of the Pirates of the Caribbean franchise and stole the screen as Gellert Grindelwald in Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them and The Crimes of Grindelwald. Critical and commercial flops came in the form of The Lone Ranger and Transcendence (and a few others) but Depp earned rave reviews for his performances as two of the 20th century’s most successful criminals – Boston mob boss James “Whitey” Bulger in Black Mass and Donald Trump in Donald Trump’s The Art of the Deal: The Movie. He has also found time to indulge in his passion for music, releasing two albums with Hollywood Vampires, a rock supergroup featuring Alice Cooper and Joe Perry, and collaborating with guitar legend Jeff Beck. Up next, Depp is at the helm of Modi, a drama about Bohemian artist Amedeo Modigliani, and is set to play Satan opposite Jeff Bridges’ God in Terry Gilliam’s new comedy.

Still image of Mia Wasikowska as Alice Kingsleigh from the 2010 fantasy adventure film "Alice in Wonderland".

Mia Wasikowska – Alice Kingsleigh
Australian actress Mia Wasikowska was a relative unknown before being cast as Carroll’s heroine at twenty-one years old. She had earned critical acclaim for her performance in the HBO series In Treatment but playing Alice launched her into the stratosphere. Wasikowska won the Hollywood Awards’ Breakthrough Artist Award, the Australian Film Institute International Award for Best Actress, and was included in the 2011 Time 100. Immediately following Alice, Wasikowska starred in the Oscar-nominated dramedy The Kids Are All Right and played opposite Michael Fassbender in Cary Joji Fukunaga’s adaptation of Jane Eyre. Wasikowska has also worked with an impressive list of directors including Gus Van Sant, Park Chan-wook, Jim Jarmusch, David Cronenberg, and Guillermo del Toro. After reprising her role as Alice in the 2016 sequel, Alice Through the Looking Glass, Wasikowska took a step back from the mainstream industry, choosing to focus on more intimate, character-driven projects. She was nominated for an Australian Oscar for her work in the 2019 dark comedy Judy and Punch and starred in the 2021 romantic drama Bergman Island alongside Tim Roth, which premiered at Cannes. Wasikowska’s latest film was the 2023 dark comedy thriller Club Zero, which also premiered at Cannes and was nominated for the Palme d’Or.

Still image of Helena Bonham Carter as Iracebeth/Red Queen from the 2010 fantasy adventure film "Alice in Wonderland".

Helena Bonham Carter – Iracebeth/Red Queen
The endlessly versatile Helena Bonham Carter had a pretty good 2010. She starred in The King’s Speech as Queen Consort Elizabeth, for which she was nominated for an Oscar, won an international Emmy for her work in the BBC Four television film Enid, and played the deliciously evil Red Queen in Alice in Wonderland. After Alice, Bonham Carter finished her work as the unhinged Bellatrix Lestrange in the Harry Potter franchise and played the unscrupulous Madame Thenardier in Tom Hooper’s Les Miserables. Her choice of film roles over the past decade and a half has reflected her love for period pieces (Suffragette, Enola Holmes) and quiet dramas (One Life). Bonham Carter has also been nominated for Golden Globes and Emmys for playing Elizabeth Taylor in the TV film Burton & Taylor and Princess Margaret in the Netflix series, The Crown. Her upcoming projects include the 2024 drama Four Letters of Love alongside Pierce Brosnan and an adaptation of the Agatha Christie novel The Seven Dials Mystery from Broadchurch creator Chris Chibnall. Also, in 2011, Bonham Carter narrated Anne Frank’s The Diary of a Young Girl for Penguin Audios.

Still image of Anne Hathaway as Mirana/White Queen from the 2010 fantasy adventure film "Alice in Wonderland".

Anne Hathaway – Mirana/White Queen
Anne Hathaway was a movie star before Alice in Wonderland. She’s been a movie star since Alice in Wonderland. In another fourteen years, she’ll probably still be a movie star. After starring in Alice as the multidimensional White Queen, Hathaway continued to conquer Hollywood. In 2012, she starred in another $1 billion movie, Christopher Nolan’s The Dark Knight Rises, in which she played the enigmatic Selina Kyle/Catwoman and broke hearts in Les Miserables as the tragic Fantine, a performance which earned her the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress. Hathaway has also showcased her range playing in comedies The Intern opposite Robert DeNiro and The Hustle alongside Rebel Wilson. She also channeled her own exeperiences (possibly) for the 2018 heist comedy Ocean’s 8. Recently, Hathaway starred in the Apple TV+ miniseries WeCrashed and the Amazon romcom The Idea of You. Her upcoming projects include David Robert Mitchell’s sci-fi film Flowervale, also starring Ewan McGregor, and David Lowery’s epic melodrama Mother Mary. Offscreen, Hathaway has devoted much of her time to activism and charitable causes. She has worked with the World Bank, was appointed a UN Women Goodwill ambassador in 2016, and was one of 300 women who founded the Time’s Up initiative.

Still image of the animated character Nivens McTwisp/White Rabbit from the 2010 fantasy adventure film "Alice in Wonderland".
Photograph of actor Michael Sheen in a dark blue checked blazer and solid navy blue button-down shirt.

Michael Sheen – Nivens McTwisp/White Rabbit
Michael Sheen is delightful as the voice of the twitchy, chronophobic White Rabbit. Before being cast in Alice, Sheen was already part of a billion-dollar franchise, playing a telepathic vampire in the Twilight movies. He reprised that role in the final two installments, Breaking Dawn Parts 1 & 2, in 2011 and 2012. On stage, Sheen has played Hamlet at the Young Vic in London and Mozart’s rival Salieri in a production of Amadeus at the Sydney Opera House. Most of his notable work post-Alice has come in TV. He was nominated for a Golden Globe for his performances as sex researcher William Masters in the Showtime series Masters of Sex and has received critical acclaim for his work as the angel Aziraphale in Neil Gaiman’s Good Omens. In 2024, Sheen co-created and directed the BBC One three-part series The Way and is currently in production on A Very Royal Scandal, in which he’ll portray Prince Andrew. Like Hathaway, Sheen is also passionate about charitable work and social advocacy, with most of his efforts centered on his native Wales. In 2021, in an interview with The Guardian, Sheen declared that he would give all of his future earnings to charity.

Still image of the animated character of Absolem the Caterpillar from the 2010 fantasy adventure film "Alice in Wonderland".
Photograph of actor Alan Rickman wearing a black collared shirt in front of a white background.

Alan Rickman – Absolem the Caterpillar
The beloved Alan Rickman sadly passed away in 2016, but he left a glittering legacy as a tremendous actor and warm and generous coworker and friend. His iconic voice lends gravitas and humor to the character of Absolem the Caterpillar. After his work on Alice, Rickman wrapped up his decade-long portrayal of sinister Potions Master Severus Snape in the Harry Potter franchise and directed, co-wrote, and starred in the period drama A Little Chaos. On stage, he starred in productions of the Henrik Ibsen play John Gabriel Borkman in Dublin and Brooklyn and was nominated for a Drama League Award for his work on Broadway in Theresa Rebeck’s Seminar. In addition to his work as an actor, Rickman was also an ardent humanitarian. He was a patron of the Saving Faces charity and was honorary president of the International Performer’s Aid Trust. His last recorded work was a video in support of an Oxford University campaign to raise money and awareness for Save the Children and Refugee Council. Rickman’s final two films, Eye in the Sky and Alice Through the Looking Glass, were devoted to his memory.

Still image of the animated character Cheshire the cat from the 2010 fantasy adventure film "Alice in Wonderland".
Photograph of actor and comedian Stephen Fry wearing a light blue suit jacket, maroon vest, dark red checked shirt, and a yellow tie with white dots.

Stephen Fry – Cheshire
Comedian, author, and actor Stephen Fry was a perfect fit for the Cheshire Cat with his professorial bearing and imperious voice. Fry has kept extremely busy since Alice, starting with his turn as the villainous Master of Lake-town in Peter Jackson’s The Hobbit films. He has also starred in the Amazon romcom Red, White, and Royal Blue and played opposite Lena Dunham in the 2024 tragicomedy Treasure. On TV, he has appeared in Heartstopper, The Dropout, The Sandman, and The Morning Show, in addition to hosting the acclaimed British panel show QI, which he left in 2016. He has produced and presented documentaries about mental health and Dutch resistance to the Nazis for the BBC and Channel Four. Fry has also churned out five books in the last fourteen years, including a memoir and a three-part retelling of Greek myths. Fry’s charity work and advocacy has focused on nature and wildlife conservation and climate change.

Still image of Crispin Glover as Ilosovic Stayne/Knave of Hearts from the 2010 fantasy adventure film "Alice in Wonderland".

Crispin Glover – Ilosovic Stayne/Knave of Hearts
Alice in Wonderland was one of four films in which the singular Crispin Glover appeared in 2010. In another example of perfect casting by Burton, Glover is excellent as the Red Queen’s right hand, the shifty Knave of Hearts. After a busy 2010, Glover continued his eclectic work in film and television. He played opposite John Cusack and Robert DeNiro in the neo-noir crime thriller The Bag Man and appeared in the 2018 mystery thriller We Have Always Lived in the Castle starring Alexandra Daddario and Sebastian Stan. On TV, Glover starred in the History Channel miniseries Texas Rising and played Mr. World in the Starz fantasy series American Gods. Glover currently has two films in post-production, the mystery Mr. K and the thriller A Blind Bargain.

Still image of the animated characters Tweedledee and Tweedledum, based on actor and comedian Matt Lucas, from the 2010 fantasy adventure film "Alice in Wonderland".

Matt Lucas – Tweedledee/Tweedledum
Tweedledee and Tweedledum are arguably the creepiest characters in Tim Burton’s Alice in Wonderland and they’re perfectly portrayed by British comedian Matt Lucas. The Little Britain co-creator has grown in prominence on both sides of the pond since appearing in Alice. Lucas stole scenes alongside Rebel Wilson as one of Kristen Wiig’s cringey roommates in Bridesmaids and received BAFTA TV and British Comedy Awards nominations for the BBC One comedy Come Fly With Me. In recent years, Lucas has appeared in two iconic British shows, Doctor Who and The Great British Bake Off, the latter of which he co-hosted with Noel Fielding until 2023. On stage, Lucas has played Thenardier in Les Miserables in the West End on three separate occasions and in a 25th-anniversary concert at The O2 Arena in London. His upcoming projects include an unspecified role in Ridley Scott’s Gladiator 2 and the animated musical Fairy Tale Forest alongside Mel Brooks and Whoopi Goldberg.


An itinerant storyteller, John Drain attended the University of Edinburgh before studying film at DePaul University in Chicago and later earned an MFA in Screenwriting from the American Film Institute Conservatory. John focuses on writing mysteries and thrillers featuring characters who are thrown into the deep end of the pool and struggle to just keep their heads above water. His work has been recognized by the Academy Nicholls Fellowship, the Austin Film Festival, ScreenCraft, Cinestory, and the Montreal Independent Film Festival. In a previous life, John created and produced theme park attractions across the globe for a wide variety of audiences. John keeps busy in his spare time with three Dungeons and Dragons campaigns and a seemingly never-ending stack of medieval history books.

10 Best “Alice in Wonderland” References in “The Simpsons”

It’s been said often, and a lot on this site, Alice’s Adventures in Wonderlandis a titan of pop culture. It has left an indelible mark on our language, art, music, and more. So it’s no surprise that Alice and the denizens of Wonderland have been frequently referenced in another piece of pop culture royalty, The Simpsons. For thirty-five (no, that’s not a typo) seasons, Springfield’s first family has been a cornerstone of comedy. The show often features heart-warming explorations of family conflict and brilliant character work, providing the foundation for a rapid-fire succession of pinpoint pop culture references, gentle satire of American life, and delightful silliness. The writers also seem to have some form of clairvoyance, with the show becoming well-known for foreshadowing a variety of future events, including video chat, the Fox-Disney sale, and a certain angry orange-tinted man becoming president.

Much like Alice, The Simpsons isn’t just part of culture, it is culture. It was a phenomenon upon its release. It redefined what was previously thought possible to achieve in its format. The show gave birth to numerous spin-offs including comic books, video games, theme park rides, and a Golden Globe-nominated film. Its influence is felt in language, internet culture, and how we think about the world. The Simpsons and one of the Alice adaptations even share a composer. Legendary composer Danny Elfman created the iconic Simpsons theme song as well as the score for Tim Burton’s two Alice in Wonderland films. Three stars of the Burton Wonderverse have also visited Springfield – Sacha Baron Cohen, Stephen Fry, and Anne Hathaway, who apparently had such a great time she guest-starred in three episodes.

These two masterpieces of Western art have also shared the stage directly. The Simpsons’ penchant for copious pop culture references and Alice’s societal ubiquity has resulted in a litany of allusions to Wonderland. Here are ten of our favorites:


10. Lisa Down the Rabbit Hole

A classic Alice in Wonderland reference comes in at number ten. The Simpsons’ Treehouse of Horrorepisodes are almost as iconic as the show itself. For “Treehouse of Horror XXIV”, part of season twenty-five, Guillermo del Toro took the helm of the opening. Del Toro packs an almost overwhelming amount of horror and sci-fi references in his three-minute segment including Alfred Hitchcock, The Shining, and Mr. Burns as the Pale Man from Del Toro’s Pan’s Labyrinth.

The opening follows the Simpson brood as they fight and flee a never-ending wave of horror and sci-fi monsters until they reach the safety of their trusty couch. Or so it seems. Suddenly, Lisa falls through a hole in the couch. Clad in a blue and white dress, she falls past tea sets, a clock, and playing cards before landing on a mushroom. Alice falling down the rabbit hole is a common reference and it is the last thing the audience suspects when the Simpson family sits on the couch. Its use does seemingly emphasize darker interpretations of Alice in Wonderland, aligning Lewis Carroll’s novel with iconic horror franchises. It’s also important to note that Lisa shares a lot of similarities with Alice, a young girl trying to find herself in an often topsy-turvy and infuriating world.


9. “We’re Through the Looking Glass Here, People”

Milhouse Mussolini Van Houten, Bart’s hapless sidekick, is one of The Simpsons writers’ favorite punching bags. He’s run over by a train, has the skin polished off his head, gets dropped by his psychiatrist for being too annoying, finds himself on the FBI’s Most Wanted List, and when Bart is asked why he and Milhouse are friends, Bart response is “geographical convenience”. Ouch. However, the writers have given Milhouse some classic lines, like in the wonderfully titled “Grampa vs. Sexual Inadequacy”.

The children of Springfield get suspicious when their parents suddenly start going to bed early. Bart convenes an emergency meeting in his treehouse and the kids come up with a theory. Milhouse explains how the RAND Corporation, the saucer people, and the reverse vampires have conspired to force their parents to go to bed early in a plot to eliminate dinner. Milhouse finishes his summation with the declaration, “We’re through the looking glass here, people.” The expression is used when someone finds themselves in a bizarre situation and it’s utilized perfectly here. Unfortunately for Milhouse and Co., their grand theory is completely wrong. It turns out the parents of Springfield have collectively rediscovered their mojos after drinking a libidinous toxic concocted by Grampa Simpson.


Still image from "The Simpsons" season 6 episode "Lisa's Wedding" featuring Chief Wiggum in front of a tent with the marquee "Friar Wiggum's Fantastical Beastarium".

8. Lisa Down the Rabbit Hole…Again

Guillermo del Toro wasn’t the first to throw Lisa Simpson down a rabbit hole. That distinction belongs to Simpsons maven and King of the Hill and The Office creator Greg Daniels, writer of the season six classic “Lisa’s Wedding”. The episode opens with the Simpsons at a Renaissance fair where Lisa wanders off after being embarrassed by Homer. She enters Friar Wiggum’s Fantastical Beastarium where she encounters the mythical Esquilax, which is just a rabbit. The rabbit runs off and Lisa follows it, a la Alice and the White Rabbit. The rabbit leads her to a fortune teller where she is told the story of her first love. Alice following the White Rabbit down the rabbit hole signifies a character following their curiosity and being thrust into a strange land. For Lisa, that curiosity leads her to 2010, where, as a college student, she falls in love with the posh and arrogant Hugh Parkfield. They soon get engaged and travel to Springfield for the wedding where Hugh insults her family due to their boorish ways. Lisa realizes how deeply she loves her family and breaks up with Hugh. It’s a journey of self-discovery perfectly suited to an Alice in Wonderland reference.


7. “You May Remember Me From…”

“To Alcohol! The Cause of, and solution to, all of life’s problems.” There are few things Homer Simpson loves more than a nice, cold Duff (or Fudd). So it’s not surprising when he skips work to tour the Duff Brewery with Barney in “Duffless”. The shocker is that Homer drinks responsibly on the tour. Barney, on the other hand, is on a mission to drain the brewery dry and almost succeeds. He’s so hammered Homer refuses to let him drive and takes the keys himself, another uncharacteristically responsible decision. But after being pulled over by Chief Wiggum, Homer fails a breathalyzer test and is sent to traffic school as part of his D.U.I. punishment. At traffic school, he watches a video presented by Hollywood has-been, future husband of Selma, and noted fish romancer Troy McClure (voiced by the legendary Phil Hartman). In the intro to the video, McClure mentions his other driver-ed credits include “Alice’s Adventures Through the Windshield Glass”. This macabre joke has no deep meaning or connection to anything in the narrative. It’s simply funny. A joke thousands of comedy writers would include in their portfolio but on The Simpsons, it’s a throwaway line. The joke was reworked thirty years later for the title of the season thirty-four episode “Homer’s Adventures Through the Windshield Glass.”


Still image from "The Simpsons" season 6 episode "Lemon of Troy" featuring a group of Shelbyville kids looking into a tree containing Milhouse's eyebrows, glasses, and smile.

6. Milhouse the Cat

Another Milhouse moment comes in at number six. Town pride is at stake in “Lemon of Troy” when a gang of ruffians from Shelbyville steal Springfield’s beloved lemon tree. Why does Springfield care so much about a lemon tree? According to Grampa Simpson, the tree was planted in the ground upon which Jebediah Springfield and Shelbyville Manhattan first settled. Yet after a disagreement about cousin marriage (Springfield was against it, Shelbyville for it), they split and founded their own towns.

The kids track the tree to a Shelbyville impound lot. Bart decides to lead a raid into Shelbyville where they’ll recover the tree or “choke their rivers with our dead!” While prepping, Milhouse finds camouflage gear in his room and imagines a scenario in which Shelbyvillians are chasing him. Because of his camouflage, he’s able to disappear in a clump of bushes. He then taunts the befuddled bullies, who can only see his glasses and smile in the leaves, reminiscent of the Cheshire Cat. It’s a perfectly crafted reference to Alice in Wonderland that directly ties into a deeper level of Milhouse’s psyche. Bart’s sidekick is often powerless and under emotional or physical attack. It makes sense he would fantasize about having power over others, one step ahead of the bullies who so often terrorize him.

And what happened to the tree you may ask? Well, the Springfield expedition force, now including Homer and some of the other dads, steals back their lemon tree using Flanders’ RV as a Trojan Horse to infiltrate the impound lot. Some stories do have a happy ending.


5. Moe Gets a Date

Poor Moe. The pathetic proprietor of Springfield’s favorite dive is constantly rejected by life. But sometimes, The Simpsons’ writers take pity on the pugnacious publican and give him some happiness. “Eeny Teeny Maya Moe” begins with Homer and Maggie going to Moe’s Tavern (he’s trying to be a better father). He and the other barflys are shocked to discover that Moe, their Moe, actually has a date. Moe relates how he met a woman named Maya online. He reluctantly sent her a picture of himself and she thought he was cute, prompting him to exclaim – “O frabjous day! Callooh! Callay!”

This, of course, is a reference to Lewis Carroll’s poem “Jabberwocky” from Through the Looking-Glass, in which the narrator rejoices at vanquishing the feared Jabberwock. “Frabjous,” “Callooh,” and “Callay” were invented by Carroll and wholly capture the feeling of elation. They’re perfect words to encapsulate Moe’s joy, as he is seldom found attractive. Their use in this episode is actually a reference to a moment in season thirteen when Mr. Burns exclaims “O frabjous day!” after scoring a date with a policewoman, creating Inception-likepop culture references.

Moe’s rapture continues as he falls in love with Maya. However, Moe has one problem, himself. Maya is a little person and Moe can’t stop himself from making tactless jokes about her height. Maya eventually breaks up with Moe, leaving him heartbroken. But all is not lost. Moe and Maya reconnect in season thirty-three and she accepts his proposal. O frabjous day! Callooh! Callay!


4. Krusty the Ventriloquist

Krusty the Clown is one of show business’ great survivors. The hard-drinking, hard-gambling TV comedian has weathered lawsuits over his hazardous merchandise, a revolt at his children’s camp, and a vengeful former sidekick to maintain his status as the idol of Springfield’s children, especially Bart. But Krusty’s empire is threatened with extinction in “Krusty Gets Kancelled” when a new ventriloquist act, Gabbo, takes Springfield by storm. Krusty tries to fight back with his own ventriloquist act, appearing on his show with a dilapidated dummy and asking it, “Why is a raven like a writing desk?” This is a reference to the confounding riddle the Mad Hatter asks Alice during the tea party in Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland. The Simpsons shares Lewis Carroll’s love of the absurd, the surreal, and the silly, so it’s fitting the show’s iconic children’s entertainer would reference a work that redefined how children are entertained.

Krusty’s plan backfires when the dummy falls apart in his lap, horrifying the children in the audience. Krusty is canceled. He sinks into depression but the ever-loyal Bart and Lisa help Krusty resurrect his career. They get Gabbo canceled by recording him insulting his fans and engineer a comeback special featuring Bette Midler, Johnny Carson, the Red Hot Chili Peppers, and Luke Perry (Krusty’s “worthless half-brother”). Krusty is back on top and bigger than ever.


3. Selma’s Child

Selma Bouvier, one of Marge’s cantankerous older sisters, is yet another Springfieldian who has been hopelessly unlucky in love. She has been married to Sideshow Bob, Lionel Hutz, Troy McClure, Disco Stu, Grampa Simpson, and Fat Tony’s cousin, Fit-Fat Tony. She has also dated Hans Moleman, Moe Szyslak, and Barney Gumble. She needs some help when it comes to relationships.

In “Selma’s Choice,” Selma has an existential crisis when her aunt Gladys dies and leaves a video will in which Gladys urges Selma and her twin sister Patty not to die alone without a husband and children. Selma becomes obsessed with having a baby. She tries a host of options – video dating, a love potion, artificial insemination, and a mail-order husband. But video dating goes nowhere, the love potion is a fake, Barney is the fertility clinic’s top donor, and her mail-order husband turns out to be a cardboard cut-out. Marge takes pity on her depressed sister and suggests she take Bart and Lisa to the Duff Gardens amusement park to give her a sense of being a parent. Selma’s afternoon with the kids goes horribly (Bart gets arrested, Lisa gets drugged by toxic water) and Selma realizes she’s totally not ready for a child. She decides to adopt her late aunt’s Iguana, Jub-Jub and sweetly serenades him with “(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman” as the episode ends.

Jub-Jub the iguana, named by Conan O’Brien during his tenure as a staff writer, is a reference to the dangerous bird-like creature Lewis Carroll created for “Jabberwocky”. Its voice is “shrill and high” and it is “desperate,” living in “perpetual passion.” It’s unknown if O’Brien was consciously making an Alice reference when he named Jub-Jub. But Selma is desperate and in perpetual passion, evidenced by her scattershot approach to dating. She is often seen as ugly and unlovable. It’s poignant that the being who makes Selma feel loved and seen is named after a creature who exhibits so many of the qualities that made Selma feel alone in the first place.


2. Moe the Babysitter

Curiously, many of the Alice in Wonderland references in this list are associated with frequently depressed, downtrodden characters searching for meaning in their life. Maybe the writers tried to give their distressed creation a little bit of levity. Maybe it’s a commentary on how Alice is an archetype for a journey of self-discovery. Maybe it’s a coincidence. Whatever the reason for this link, it holds true in “Moe Baby Blues,” in which our old friend Moe Szyslak unexpectedly bonds with Maggie after saving her from falling off a bridge.

Moe quickly becomes Maggie’s babysitter. In one scene, Moe puts Maggie to bed and she gives him a copy of Alice in Wonderland to read to her. Moe cracks the book, assuming it’s related to “that Alice in Underpants movie I saw,” and quickly becomes horrified. “White rabbit, chicks poppin’ mushrooms, this is like the Playboy Mansion!” Moe tosses the book and tells Maggie a more suitable children’s tale, The Godfather (and Godfather II), which she loves because she’s a baby of taste. The interpretation of Alice’s journey as twisted and dark is common. Moe’s review of Alice ties into a revisionist reading of Lewis Carroll’s novel which highlights its surreal aspects as evidence of drug use and debauchery. Here, The Simpsons isn’t just referencing Alice, but the theories surrounding the book that are prevalent in modern pop culture.

Moe eventually submarines his relationship with Maggie by being himself, his desperation for human connection leading him to be overbearing and just plain weird. But Moe redeems himself by saving Maggie again, this time from a mob war (long story). His impassioned plea to the belligerent gangsters about how his relationship with Maggie brought meaning to his life brings tears to their eyes, prompting Fat Tony to say “I haven’t cried like this since I paid to see Godfather III.” Same here, Fat Tony, same here.


1. Lisa in the Library

We begin with Lisa, we end with Lisa. Alice’s avatar in The Simpsons undertakes one of her many journeys of self-discovery in “Summer of 4 Ft. 2”. It’s the end of the school year and everyone is excited except for Lisa, who can’t find anyone to sign her yearbook. The Simpsons go on a surprise vacation when Flanders lets them use his beach house while he’s on jury duty. The Simpsons, and Milhouse, head to Little Pwagmattasquarmsettport (probably in New England), “America’s Scrod Basket”, where Lisa resolves to shed her nerdy shell and become “cool”. She makes friends with some cool locals and, to her delight, they accept her.

The Alice reference comes when Lisa meets her new friends. She’s walking to the town library when she spots them skateboarding outside. Torn between going into the library or introducing herself to the skaters, Lisa imagines a host of fictional characters urging her to join them in the library. Alice and the Mad Hatter appear and Alice asks her to join their tea party before suddenly warning her, “It’s a trap!” as the Mad Hatter holds Alice at gunpoint. There may be something deeper at work. A reference to Alice’s fear and confusion at being stuck in Wonderland, perhaps? But mostly, it’s just plain funny. A hallmark of The Simpsons’ love forabsurdity and silliness, which perfectly matches the tone of Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland.

Lisa’s odyssey runs into rocky shores when Bart, jealous that Lisa is making new friends and he only has Milhouse, cruelly unmasks Lisa as a nerd. She runs off crying but the next day, Lisa discovers that Bart wracked with guilt, showed Lisa’s friends her yearbook, which they signed with heartfelt messages. They also decorated the family car with seashells and wrote “Lisa Rules” on the side. They don’t care about her being a nerd. They love her for it and see her as the great person she is. Lisa feels accepted and gains a new sense of self-confidence. She returns to Springfield filled with happiness, while Homer is filled with rage because seagulls keep attacking his seashell-covered car.


An itinerant storyteller, John Drain attended the University of Edinburgh before studying film at DePaul University in Chicago and later earned an MFA in Screenwriting from the American Film Institute Conservatory. John focuses on writing mysteries and thrillers featuring characters who are thrown into the deep end of the pool and struggle to just keep their heads above water. His work has been recognized by the Academy Nicholls Fellowship, the Austin Film Festival, ScreenCraft, Cinestory, and the Montreal Independent Film Festival. In a previous life, John created and produced theme park attractions across the globe for a wide variety of audiences. John keeps busy in his spare time with three Dungeons and Dragons campaigns and a seemingly never-ending stack of medieval history books.

Who’s in Charge of the Chaos of “Wicked” the Movie?

I’ve done almost every job on a film set, from a day-player P.A. to directing and producing a short film. I’ve held an umbrella over the camera while getting soaked on a cold, rainy day in Chicago and wrangled a dog in a New York City park on a beautiful spring day. So trust me when I say that the most difficult job I’ve had on set is script supervisor (also called continuity). It’s one of the lesser known positions amongst the general public but no film or television set could function without a good scripty. It’s a conduit between production and post-production, the nexus of all information on the shoot.

The script supervisor has three main duties – ensure continuity, log every take with notes for the director and editor, and ensure everything in the script is captured during production. You’d be surprised how many times chunks of dialogue or crucial parts of story are forgotten about in the chaos of set life. The shooting log is essential for the editor and director, the notations of every variation in each take contributing to an efficient post-production process. And continuity? Well, remember when a Northern Ireland coffee shop got some unintentional product placement on Game of Thrones?

Still image from the HBO fantasy series "Game of Thrones" featuring Kit Harington as Jon Snow, Emilia Clarke as Daenerys Targaryen, and a coffee cup on a table.

However, the best way to fully understand the work of a script supervisor is to take a deep dive and do a case study of an individual project. Luckily, we have a treasure trove of documents from Frank Beddor’s 1998 psychological thriller Wicked. This collection of notes and photos provides an excellent insight into life as a script supervisor.

The script supervisor on Wicked was Dina Waxman, a set life veteran who has worked with such directors as Michael Mann, Spike Jonze, Wong Kar Wai, and John Frankenheimer. She has written and directed seven short films and has served as a scripty on over one hundred commercials, two TV series, and 12 films, including David Fincher’s iconic 1999 action thriller Fight Club starring Brad Pitt.

Picture of script supervisor Dina Waxman with actor Brad Pitt in costume as Tyler Durden on the set of David Fincher's 1999 film "Fight Club".
Picture of script supervisor Dina Waxman with director David Fincher sitting in front of the monitor on the set of the 1999 film "Fight Club".

On Wicked, Waxman worked closely with costume designer Sara Jane Slotnick (Alpha Dog, Loving) and wardrobe supervisor Jim Hansen (Kill Bill Vol. 1 and Vol. 2) to produce a thoroughly detailed catalog of each actor’s wardrobe pieces for every day of shooting. From more general items like the types of outfits or the number of wardrobe changes to the more minuscule details such as if an actor’s wearing any jewelry or the way their shirt tucks into their pants. It is all noted, photographed, and indexed. It is a painstaking amount of work and requires a mind that is simultaneously able to hold both the minute and larger picture in equal importance at the same time.

There are a few reasons why this obsessive level of detail is required. Scenes will often be shot out of sequence and your director and cinematographer may choose to start with the end of the scene rather than the beginning or return to a scene later in production or during reshoots. You will also need to reset for each take and each time the camera moves. The actor’s costume needs to be the same as the other shots because if you have a shot where your actor’s sleeve is up and that sleeve down in the next angle, your film is going to look pretty amateurish. Your editor and director need shots that link up to produce a cohesive cut.

Collage of images containing a wardrobe continuity blog and two Polaroids depicting Julia Stiles in costume on the set of the 1998 psychological thriller "Wicked".
A Polaroid depicting Julia Stiles in costume on the set of the 1998 psychological thriller "Wicked".

The Wardrobe Continuity log above contains all the information needed to identify what is being shot. It lists the shooting day, the scenes being shot, what is happening in those scenes, and what the actor, in this case Julia Stiles, who won Best Actress at the Karlovy Vary International Film Festival for playing Ellie, wears in those scenes. This is designed so costume, props, camera, anybody, can take a quick look and get all the information they need. On the flip side of that document are polaroids of the actor in those costumes, giving the crew a visual they can match when resetting the scene. Quick note about the photos, script supervising can sometimes seem like you’re shooting behind-the-scenes content. You will take so many photos. You’ll think to yourself, “Am I taking too many photos?” and then realize you haven’t taken nearly enough. Thankfully, in 2024, scriptys use their phones so there aren’t any polaroids to come unstuck and slip out of the binder.

The scenes chronicled above call for Ellie (Julia Stiles) to wear a “cotton sleeveless nightgown” in Scenes 47-50 with a cardigan over it for Scenes 51-53. In the first polaroid, it’s noted that the nightgown is buttoned up and Stiles is wearing a ring on her left thumb and a blue and green bracelet on her left wrist. Those items are also marked on the photo itself. The second photo, where Julia Stiles is wearing the cardigan, also notes the placement of the ring and bracelet, even though you can’t see the jewelry because of the sweater’s sleeve. Why does the actor have to wear the ring and bracelet even if you can’t see them? Because, during the time frame in which these scenes take place, it wouldn’t be realistic for the character to have removed her jewelry. So if she lifts her arm during the scene and the sleeve falls down, the audience will notice she’s missing her ring and bracelet from the previous scene. This would take them out of the story and threaten to compromise their ability to suspend their disbelief, which is essential in any type of film viewing, but especially with Wicked.

For the third polaroid, the most important element is that Stiles will be wearing the same outfit in nonsequential scenes. The scenes take place during different times of the day and in a few different locations. If she got changed during lunch or they shot a different scene in the afternoon that required a wardrobe change, this snapshot ensures that the costume department can get her back into wardrobe quickly, efficiently, and accurately. This leads to a smoother set where the cast and crew can fully focus on character and story instead of the location of the main character’s turquoise blue Hawaiin.

Collage of images containing a wardrobe continuity blog and two Polaroids depicting Julia Stiles in costume on the set of the 1998 psychological thriller "Wicked".

You’ll notice that the log above contains much less information than the one shown in the previous section. However, the scenes represented here are infinitely more complex. Why? Well, if you guessed the blood, you’re absolutely correct. Blood and gore are super fun to work with but it’s a complicated, stressful business. First, there are the safety considerations. The fact that blood is being used on set generally means the actor or stunt double will be required to perform a stunt involving violence. In Wicked, for example, this sequence called for Ellie to be struck in the head with a heavy object and for Lawson Smith (Patrick Muldoon of Starship Troopers and Melrose Place). The safety of the individuals involved in the stunts is paramount and a lot of effort and concentration from everyone on the crew goes into making sure they’re safe.

The second reason special effects work such as blood can be challenging for crews is because blood is a continuity nightmare. How do you ensure the blood on the set and the blood on the actor’s costume match angle to angle, take to take? The answer – lots and lots of pictures. The pictures above are essential to ensuring continuity with lots of moving parts that usually require multiple setups to capture. The first photo would’ve been taken either before or after the camera started rolling so the crew could match their positioning and the amount and placement of blood when setting up another shot. The second photo specifies the blood droplets on Stiles’ shirt, allowing the crew to ensure they can replicate the pattern if they need a new top. The third polaroid specifies the position of Stiles’ clothing in a specific shot so the crew can once again match that look in subsequent set-ups. Working with special effects often makes for a high-pressure environment given the lost time and higher costs that can be a consequence of a mistake, so the script supervisor needs to be flawless in their documentation.

The position of script supervisor is a multi-faceted, sometimes stressful position that requires constant communication with every department. For a film like Wicked, requiring several specific costumes and detailed special effects work, Dina Waxman’s work contributed to an efficient set, allowing the actors and directors to craft an engrossing thriller that captivated audiences at Sundance and launched Julia Stiles’ career. 


You can watch Julie Stiles’ breakthrough performance in Wicked on the following streaming platforms: AmazonYouTubeApple TVGoogle Play, Vudu, Plex, and Tubi.


An itinerant storyteller, John Drain attended the University of Edinburgh before studying film at DePaul University in Chicago and later earned an MFA in Screenwriting from the American Film Institute Conservatory. John focuses on writing mysteries and thrillers featuring characters who are thrown into the deep end of the pool and struggle to just keep their heads above water. His work has been recognized by the Academy Nicholls Fellowship, the Austin Film Festival, ScreenCraft, Cinestory, and the Montreal Independent Film Festival. In a previous life, John created and produced theme park attractions across the globe for a wide variety of audiences. John keeps busy in his spare time with three Dungeons and Dragons campaigns and a seemingly never-ending stack of medieval history books.

Anjin is Alice: The Parallels Between “Shogun” and “Alice in Wonderland”

(Caution: The following article contains spoilers for the FX/Hulu miniseries “Shogun”)

FX and Hulu’s tremendous miniseries Shogun has sadly concluded, with another season unfortunately unlikely. Rachel Kondo and Justin Marks’ masterful adaptation of James Clavell’s novel about a stranded English navigator in feudal Japan has become one of the most popular and best-reviewed shows of 2024. It was the most-streamed program across all platforms in its first two weeks of release and has earned rave reviews both in the West and in Japan, praised for its visuals, performances, and authenticity. It is sure to be a favorite during awards season. Shogun is a classic fish-out-of-water story. It is also a classic example of the Alice in Wonderland paradigm in modern storytelling. My esteemed, and hilarious, colleague Jared Hoffman touched upon these similarities in his recent blog, and we’ll go into more detail here.

Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland is the ultimate fish-out-of-water story. With no sense of what she’s getting into, Alice follows the White Rabbit down the rabbit hole and finds herself in a completely alien realm – Wonderland. In a land she didn’t even know existed five minutes before, Alice digests potions with body-morphing properties, takes tea with a mad milliner, and angers a decapitating monarch. Throughout her journey, she’s learning on the fly, continuously adapting to rules and customs with a variety of characters serving as her unreliable guides. Alice must adapt to survive, discovering a deep well of inner strength in the process.

Still image of Cosmo Jarvis as John Blackthorne (Anjin) from the FX/Hulu historical drama miniseries "Shogun".

Blackthorne was one step ahead of Alice when he began his journey – at least he knew the world he was traveling to existed. Portuguese missionaries and merchants had established contact with Japan in the sixteenth century. But they were the only Europeans who had ever been to Japan. In fact, William Adams, on whom Blackthorne is based, is credited as the first Englishman to reach the country. Before that, all the knowledge the good subjects of Queen Elizabeth had about Japan came from shadowy rumors and fanciful legends.

Not wanting to be late to the proverbial party like a certain rabbit, Dutch merchants funded a trading mission to Japan, of which Blackthorne was the chief navigator. He and his companions arrive in Japan exhausted, emaciated, and starving. They wash up on the shore of a small fishing village where they are swiftly taken captive by Lord Yabushige, a scheming vassal of Lord Toranaga, one of the five Regents ruling Japan and facing the threat of impeachment from the other four Regents, led by Lord Ishido. But in Japan, impeachment doesn’t just mean removal from office. It’s a death sentence. Like Alice when she stumbles into the Jack of Knaves’ trial, Blackthorne finds himself in a hostile environment. He is completely ignorant of the rules and one wrong step could mean off with his head. Or being boiled alive. Or dismemberment by cannonball. He does not help himself with his often bullish and impulsive behavior, and his ignorance of the language and culture makes his life more difficult and more dangerous.

Still image of Hiroyuki Sanada as Lord Yoshii Toranaga and Anna Sawai as Toda Mariko from the FX/Hulu historical drama miniseries "Shogun".

Language plays an essential role in both Shogun and Lewis Carroll’s novel. Though Wonderlandians speak English, Alice soon realizes that their use of the language is a tad…different. Confronted by a series of confounding riddles and turns of phrases, Alice must reorient her mind to the way language is used in Wonderland. It allows her to better navigate this strange land and better understand the beings who live there. Language is a window into culture, after all.

In Shogun, one of the main obstacles for Blackthorne, who is soon given the name Anjin (Japanese for “pilot”) by his new hosts, when he lands in Japan is, obviously, he doesn’t know the language. Equally obvious, and just as problematic, is the fact that few in Japan speak English. Luckily, for Anjin, he speaks Portuguese, which is more common, but not widespread. (The show performs a clever and effective trick in depicting the language usage of the characters. Japanese is spoken as Japanese while Portuguese is spoken as English.) Therefore, Anjin has to rely on translators to communicate with Japanese lords such as Toranaga and Yabushige.

Still image of Tadanobu Asano as Kashigi Yabushige from the FX/Hulu historical drama miniseries "Shogun".

But that presents a problem, as Anjin hardly trusts those tasked with translating for him. In an early scene, Anjin is enraged at the prospect of a Portuguese Jesuit priest translating for him, correctly assuming that the Catholic clergyman will twist the Protestant Anjin’s words. It is only when Mariko, a noblewoman and Catholic convert in the service of Toranaga, becomes his translator that Anjin feels comfortable communicating. Throughout the series, Anjin learns Japanese, his fluency correlating to his cultural assimilation.

Another of the major shared themes of Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland and Shogun is the question of identity. Who are we? What makes us who we are? How should we express and act on that identity within the context of their community? The zany, topsy-turvy, emotionally effusive Wonderland was constructed as a counterpoint to the stuffiness of Victorian society. In Shogun, Anjin experiences the opposite. While the 17th century may not have been the most emotionally progressive environment, it was markedly different from how the show depicts feudal Japan, where hiding one’s true emotions and intentions is essential to surviving the snake pit that is court politics. This philosophy is exemplified by the idea of the Eightfold Fence, a concept of compartmentalization which allows a person to perform their duties while keeping their true feelings and values intact. An intellectual safe space, if you will.

Still image of Anna Sawai as Toda Mariko from the FX/Hulu historical drama miniseries "Shogun".

The Eightfold Fence also relates to the concept of honor and self-sacrifice exhibited by many of the Japanese characters in Shogun. Viewers see these beliefs in practice in the first episode when one of Toranaga’s vassals commits seppuku, a form of ritualistic suicide, after speaking out of turn during a contentious meeting of the Five Regents. The vassal’s actions are designed to exhibit and retain honor for himself and his family. Mariko also desires to commit seppuku because of the dishonorable actions of her father, believing her death to be the only way for her family to regain their honor. She can’t, however, due to her oath of service to Toranaga, which supersedes her own wishes.

For Anjin, who wears his emotions on his sleeve and believes in Western ideas of individualism, these concepts are confusing and antithetical to his views of the world. The preservation of one’s life above all else is paramount, especially for a freelance navigator who grew up without the privileges of wealth or station. But as Alice had to adapt to Wonderland in order to survive, Anjin had to assimilate in order to keep himself alive and reach his goal of returning home to England. What begins as self-preservation, however, turns into an honest appreciation for the customs of his new home. By the end of the series, Anjin fully embodies the beliefs and practices of a Japanese samurai, even willing to commit seppuku in order to save a village from Toranaga’s retribution.

Still image of Hiroyuki Sanada as Lord Yoshii Toranaga and Cosmo Jarvis as John Blackthorne (Anjin) from the FX/Hulu historical drama miniseries "Shogun".

While Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland and Shogun are radically different in genre, aesthetic, and the instances of men and horses dismembered by cannonball, they share a common thread in the type of story they tell. Both are extreme fish-out-of-water stories featuring characters who must assimilate in order to survive. The fact that we can actually draw parallels between a television show released in 2023 and taking place in 1600 Japan with an English children’s novel published in 1865 speaks to the staying power of stories that tap into universal human experiences.


An itinerant storyteller, John Drain attended the University of Edinburgh before studying film at DePaul University in Chicago and later earned an MFA in Screenwriting from the American Film Institute Conservatory. John focuses on writing mysteries and thrillers featuring characters who are thrown into the deep end of the pool and struggle to just keep their heads above water. His work has been recognized by the Academy Nicholls Fellowship, the Austin Film Festival, ScreenCraft, Cinestory, and the Montreal Independent Film Festival. In a previous life, John created and produced theme park attractions across the globe for a wide variety of audiences. John keeps busy in his spare time with three Dungeons and Dragons campaigns and a seemingly never-ending stack of medieval history books.

Dream into Nightmare: “Black Mirror: Bandersnatch” and Lewis Carroll’s Monster

Black Mirror was released to rave reviews in 2011, establishing itself as one of the most popular and well-regarded shows of the 2010s. It has helped repopularise the anthology format and has earned an avalanche of awards and nominations, including eight Emmy Awards. Charlie Brooker’s sci-fi series branches into a variety of genres but mostly lives in the dystopian space, fitting with the parameters of speculative fiction. Black Mirror frequently utilizes technology and media to comment on current social issues and has been lauded for its near-Simpsons level of prescience. Just Google China’s Social Credit System, Waldo, or David Cameron and a pig. (Fair warning for that last one).

In 2017, Brooker and executive producer Annabel Jones teamed with Netflix, which now distributes the series, to develop an interactive episode. The project eventually grew into a feature film released in 2018: Black Mirror: Bandersnatch. Set in the 1980s, the film stars Fionn Whitehead as programmer Stefan Butler, who is adapting a fantasy “choose your own adventure” book into a video game titled Bandersnatch. An exploration of free will, the film blends post-modernism, comedy, and horror with a heavy dose of Philip K. Dick to give audiences a unique experience in which they control the direction of the story. With 150 minutes of unique footage and multiple “choice points,” Bandersnatch offers viewers over one trillion paths they can take within the film, mirroring (pun not intended) the game being developed in the story.

Still image of Fionn Whitehead as Stefan Butler playing a video game from the Netflix science fiction interactive film "Black Mirror: Bandersnatch".

Alice aficionados are sure to recognize the nod to Lewis Carroll in the title. The reference is actually twofold. The film took its title from Bandersnatch, a video game developed by Imagine Software that was in turn inspired by Lewis Carroll’s creation. The game, however, was never released due to the company’s bankruptcy in 1984. But what is a bandersnatch? And how does a creature created over 150 years ago for a fantasy novel and a nonsense poem relate to Brooker and Jones’ sci-fi psychological thriller?

Lewis Carroll’s bandersnatch is a monster that appears in his 1871 sequel to Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, Through the Looking-Glass, as well as his 1874 poem, The Hunting of the Snark. The beast is described as having a long neck, snapping jaws, ferocious, and extremely fast. In Peter Newell’s 1902 illustration, one of the earliest depictions of the beast, the bandersnatch appears in cartoonish fashion with the body and head of a lion and pointed ears, horns, a dog’s nose, and human hands. Its home is in the world behind the looking-glass, and in The Hunting of the Snark, it is encountered after the hunters cross an ocean.

Illustration of the bandersnatch and Jubjub bird by artist Peter Newell for the 1902 edition of the novel "Through the Looking-Glass and What Alice Saw There" by Lewis Carroll.

The overzealous Banker is the first unfortunate soul to cross the bandersnatch when he leaves his party (mistake number one). Carroll writes, “But while he was seeking with thimbles and care/A Bandersnatch swiftly drew nigh/And grabbed at the Banker, who shrieked in despair/For he knew it was useless to fly.” The Banker tried to bribe the beast (mistake number two) but the bandersnatch had no use for the Queen’s currency. He “… merely extended its neck/And grabbed at the Banker again.” The monster continued his assault: “Without rest or pause — while those frumious jaws/Went savagely snapping around —/He (the Banker) skipped and he hopped, and he floundered and flopped/Till fainting he fell to the ground.” The Banker was saved from a painful and ignominious end when the rest of his party caught up, their numbers causing the bandersnatch to flee.

As with all of Lewis Carroll’s creations, the bandersnatch has had a substantial reach in pop culture, inspiring artists, and undergoing numerous reinventions over the past century and a half. In Anna Matlock Richards’ A New Alice in the Old Wonderland, written less than 25 years after the beast’s first appearance, the bandersnatch is given extremely long legs and the ability to fly. Fantasy and sci-fi author Roger Zelazny describes his hissing bandersnatch as walking side-to-side and leaving a trail of steaming saliva. Tim Burton’s Alice in Wonderland reimagines the monster as a large white beast with elements of a bulldog, snow leopard, and bear with rows of razor-sharp teeth. The Shadowrun tabletop role-playing games gave the bandersnatch the ability to mask both its appearance and body heat. It seems that the bandersnatch has popped up in as many different iterations as Alice herself.

Still image of the bandersnatch roaring at Mia Wasikowska as Alice Kingsleigh in Tim Burton's 2010 period adventure fantasy film "Alice in Wonderland".

But what does this have to do with Black Mirror: Bandersnatch? A clue may be found in the musings of Colin Ritman (Will Poulter), a successful game designer employed by the company that agrees to fund Stefan’s game. In a conversation with Stefan, Colin opines about the darker meaning of Pac-Man: “He (Pac-Man) thinks he’s got free will, but really he’s trapped in a maze, in a system. All he can do is consume, he’s pursued by demons that are probably just in his own head and even if he does manage to escape by slipping out one side of the maze, what happens? He comes right back in the other side. People think it’s a happy game. It’s not a happy game, it’s a fucking nightmare world…”

Still image of Will Poulter as Colin Ritman from the Netflix science fiction interactive film "Black Mirror: Bandersnatch".

The theme of a dream turning into a nightmare dominates Stefan’s arc in the film. His passion project, the story that connects him to his dead mother, turns into a real-life nightmare during the development process, driving him to insanity and violence. The bandersnatch, in all of its iterations, is depicted as a beast of incredible ferocity. Its frumious jaws promise destruction with every snap. Its blazing speed and considerable strength make for a formidable adversary. It’s a representation of danger and pain. The term Wonderland is often used to describe something fantastical, amazing, astonishing – a dream. The bandersnatch makes a wonderland a nightmare.

Black Mirror: Bandersnatch uses the iconography and qualities of Lewis Carroll’s bandersnatch to represent the danger of obsession. Like how Pac-Man is all-consuming and driven by demons, obsession breeds darkness in its host, manifesting in violence and pain. The bandersnatch is the physical manifestation. It is ferocious and merciless, savagely snapping around and devouring its prey. Over the years, many have reimagined Carroll’s Wonderland as a nightmarish realm, an assault on sanity. The same thing is happening in Bandersnatch, where passion and potential are twisted into a ferocious beast bent on destroying all in its path.


An itinerant storyteller, John Drain attended the University of Edinburgh before studying film at DePaul University in Chicago and later earned an MFA in Screenwriting from the American Film Institute Conservatory. John focuses on writing mysteries and thrillers featuring characters who are thrown into the deep end of the pool and struggle to just keep their heads above water. His work has been recognized by the Academy Nicholls Fellowship, the Austin Film Festival, ScreenCraft, Cinestory, and the Montreal Independent Film Festival. In a previous life, John created and produced theme park attractions across the globe for a wide variety of audiences. John keeps busy in his spare time with three Dungeons and Dragons campaigns and a seemingly never-ending stack of medieval history books.

“Alice in Wonderland” in “The Way Home” and What to Expect from Season 3

“‘Who am I?’ Ah, that’s the great puzzle.” Alice had just grown to the size of a giant, frightening the White Rabbit, which motivated her to ask this soul-searching question in Chapter Two of Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland. It’s something we constantly ask ourselves throughout our lives, sometimes consciously, sometimes not. One of the primary reasons Alice in Wonderland continues to captivate audiences and inspire creators is because it deals with universal questions of identity and personhood. In most respects, characters in every story undertake a journey of self-discovery and Alice’s odyssey through Wonderland is a perfect model for artists. From The Matrix to Alice in Borderland to Poor Things, there is a long history of films and TV shows that have used elements of Alice in Wonderland to tell their stories.

One of the most recent series to use Alice as direct inspiration is the time-travel family drama, The Way Home. The Hallmark Channel original recently finished airing its second season in March and work is already underway on Season 3, slated to premiere in 2025. The Way Home follows three generations of strong and independent women (Andie MacDowell, Chyler Leigh, and Sadie Laflamme-Snow) who “embark on an enlightening journey none of them could have imagined as they learn how to find their way back to each other.” Season One begins with Kat (Leigh) and the aptly named Alice (Laflamme-Snow) returning to Kat’s hometown of Port Haven in rural Canada to live with her estranged mother Del (MacDowell). Alice’s adjustment to her new home takes an interesting turn when she falls into a pool on Del’s property and discovers it’s a portal for time travel.

A still image from the Hallmark Channel original series "The Way Home" featuring Sadie Laflamme-Snow as Alice staring into a pond.

Does that sound familiar? Maybe reminiscent of a young girl falling down a bunny’s burrow in a fantasy novel written under a pseudonym by an Oxford mathematician and photographer? Well, don’t worry, if you think it sounds a little like Alice in Wonderland, you haven’t eaten any “magic” mushrooms. The similarities are by design.

Speaking recently to Variety, co-showrunner Alexandra Clarke, who runs the series with her mother Heather Conkie, said, “As we started looking at this show and the concept, it became so much clearer to us how oddly echoing it all was to the book, and we sort of thought well, if it’s there, let’s use it. It’s a story about a girl that literally falls down the rabbit hole into a whole other world and is trying to make sense of what she’s seeing and of her adventures there.” Clarke and Conkie, along with creator Marly Reed, were reinforced in their choice of inspiration when the first books they saw on a trip to a discount bookstore were Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass. “We thought, ‘OK, that’s a sign,’” said Conkie.

Clarke, Conkie, and Reed used the theme of self-discovery in Carroll’s novel to influence their Alice’s arc. In Season One, they send her down their rabbit hole to the Wonderland of 1999, where she encounters her mother and grandmother, learns about the trauma keeping them apart in the present, and explores the type of person she wants to be. Like Carroll’s Alice, The Way Home’s Alice finds herself in a strange world where previous norms are upended, requiring self-exploration as well as exploration of the environment in order to navigate this unfamiliar place.

A promotional image from the Hallmark Channel original series "The Way Home" featuring Chyler Leigh, Sadie Laflamme-Snow, and Andie MacDowell.

Using the past to jumpstart a coming-of-age story is an excellent mechanism that brings to mind another of Alice’s lines. After the “Drink Me”/”Eat Me” scene in which Alice dramatically shrinks and grows, she comments to the Caterpillar, “It’s no use going back to yesterday. I was a different person then.” This is an astute insight about the importance of moving forward and not being stuck in the past. Yet The Way Home shows it is useful to go back to yesterday if the person or people you’re observing are your mother and grandmother, discovering the different people they were in the past. In The Way Home, Alice’s insights into the issues that drove Kat and Del apart directly relate to her sense of identity and how she grows as a character.

For Season Two, Clarke, Conkie, and Reed looked at the second installment of Carroll’s Wonderland canon and based Alice’s journey on Through the Looking-Glass. Clarke said, “The way it begins is her looking through a mirror into this other world and wondering what’s there and hoping it’ll take her back to Wonderland. It does, but it’s a wonderland that’s upside down and reversed. Everything good is bad and everything up is down and if you actually look at Alice’s journey in particular through Season Two, that’s exactly what happened. We made a really big point throughout the season of having her be on the outside looking in, which is exactly how Alice who was in that book.”

A still image from the Hallmark Channel original series "The Way Home" featuring Sadie Laflamme-Snow as Alice reading a copy of the novel "Through the Looking-Glass" by Lewis Carroll.

Again, the creative team behind The Way Home identified one of the core themes of Alice’s experience in Carroll’s novel and transposed that onto their Alice. The feeling of being on the outside looking in is common to all teenagers and a large portion of adults. Even within the context of family, younger people often feel ostracized to a certain extent due to their ignorance of events and experiences before their time that still color the relationships between older family members. This unresolved trauma drives wedges between all generations and, if left untreated, can doom relationships. In The Way Home, time travel provides the mechanism through which Alice and Kat can learn from that trauma, allowing them to heal in the present.

Alice in Wonderland will also play a large role in the upcoming Season Three, though its influence may be more general than direct. “I think the thing we’re going to kind of try and do this season is looking at the two books as a whole as a set and what to sort of glean from the two of them and who owns them. And the themes of them will still be a huge part of our show,” said Clarke of their approach to next season. She went on to say, “…the trips that Alice takes, the trips that Kat takes, they’re always going to different wonderlands and different worlds for very different reasons.”

A still image from the Hallmark Channel original series "The Way Home" featuring Andie MacDowell as Del and Sadie Laflamme-Snow as Alice at a farmers market.

This idea of using “different wonderlands” to address certain aspects of a character’s development echoes Carroll, who tailored the Wonderlands Alice visits to reflect her emotional maturity. It’s a beautiful example of character-driven storytelling, where the character defines the world instead of vice versa. As The Way Home ages into its third season, it’s clear that the show’s creative brain trust has a firm grasp on how to continue the development of their characters they so wonderfully executed in the first two seasons. What is also clear is that 159 years after its initial publication, Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland continues to directly influence storytelling, continually reaffirming its position as one of the most influential works of art ever made.


An itinerant storyteller, John Drain attended the University of Edinburgh before studying film at DePaul University in Chicago and later earned an MFA in Screenwriting from the American Film Institute Conservatory. John focuses on writing mysteries and thrillers featuring characters who are thrown into the deep end of the pool and struggle to just keep their heads above water. His work has been recognized by the Academy Nicholls Fellowship, the Austin Film Festival, ScreenCraft, Cinestory, and the Montreal Independent Film Festival. In a previous life, John created and produced theme park attractions across the globe for a wide variety of audiences. John keeps busy in his spare time with three Dungeons and Dragons campaigns and a seemingly never-ending stack of medieval history books.

From “Wicked” to “The Omen”: Evil Children in Film

What is the most terrifying thing you can think of? Spiders? Public speaking? Failure? All are excellent options. Now, let me raise another – evil children. It’s an inversion of expectations. Kids are supposed to be kind, innocent, and full of life. Adults are the ones who perpetrate evil. The idea of children killing someone or summoning the Devil is entirely contrary to our expectations about how the world works. So when those twins appear in the hallway in The Shining or when Damien smiles in The Omen – it’s absolutely terrifying. The creepy kid is a common trope in horror films and even in thrillers, like Wicked. These films have captured the imaginations of their viewers and certainly inspired some nightmares too. 

Here’s a list of ten of the best movies featuring “evil kids”:


Still image from Richard Donner's 1976 supernatural horror film "The Omen," featuring Harvey Spencer Stevens as Damien Thorn in a suit and cap.

The Omen
If you think raising kids is hard, try telling the Antichrist he has a bedtime. That’s what Gregory Peck and Lee Remick have to deal with in the 1976 classic The Omen. One of the original evil kid movies, The Omen opens with an American diplomat, Robert Thorn, and his pregnant wife Katherine living in Rome. When Katherine gives birth, Robert is told that the child has tragically died and is convinced by the hospital chaplain to secretly adopt another child. Robert doesn’t tell Katherine about the switcheroo and five years later, they discover that their sweet Damien is none other than the son of Satan. Helmed by Richard Donner (Superman, The Goonies, Lethal Weapon), The Omen is a suspenseful, spine-tingling thriller that also helped popularize “666” as a sign of the devil. It grossed over $60 million on a $2.8 million budget and routinely appears on lists of the best horror films, including AFI’s 100 Years…100 Thrills.

Still image of Isabelle Fuhrman as Esther in the 2009 psychological horror film "Orphan" directed by Jaume Collet-Serra.

Orphan
These types of films really aren’t favorable toward adoption. The 2009 psychological horror film Orphan stars Vera Farmiga and Peter Sarsgaard as a couple who adopt a nine-year-old girl after losing their unborn child. At least both parents knew this time. They soon experience every parent’s worst nightmare (I imagine). Their new daughter, played by Isabelle Fuhrman in a delightfully horrifying performance, is actually a 33-year-old Estonian serial killer with a hormonal disorder that stunted her growth, allowing her to pose as a child. Roger Ebert called Orphan a “shamefully effective horror film” and took in almost $80 million at the box office. But want to know something that will keep you up at night? Orphan is actually loosely based on the true story of Barbora Skrlova, a 34-year-old Estonian woman who posed as a child twice and even got her first adoptive mother to chain and starve her own sons. Chills.

Still image of John Franklin as Isaac Chroner in the 1984 supernatural horror film "Children of the Corn".

Children of the Corn
Children of the Corn is 92 minutes of gory 80s fun. Based on the 1977 Stephen King short story (of course), Children of the Corn features an ensemble cast led by The Terminator star Linda Hamilton and is set in the cornfields of Nebraska. After the corn crop fails, local 9-year-old Isaac Chroner takes an interesting path to ensure the success of next year’s harvest. Isaac brainwashes all the local children into serving an evil deity named “He Who Walks Behind the Rows” and leads them to slaughter all the adults in the town in an act of mass sacrifice. And that’s just in Act One! The bloodfest was met with tepid responses from audiences and critics upon its release in 1984 but has since gained cult status, resulting in an 11-film franchise and inspiring a hilarious early South Park episode, “The Wacky Molestation Adventure”.

Still image of Julia Stiles as Ellie Christianson in the 1998 thriller "Wicked".

Wicked
Julia Stiles’ audition for disturbed Ellie Christianson in the 1998 thriller Wicked blew away director Michael Steinberg and producer Frank Beddor, who said, “…we knew. She was Ellie.” Ellie is a sixteen-year-old girl with a problem – her mom. Now, it’s certainly not uncommon for a teenager to have problems with their mom. But this teenager hates her mom because her mom is standing in the way of the person she desires the most – her dad. Yes, Ellie is in love with her father Ben, and will stop at nothing, including whacking her mom on the head with a stone mask, in her quest to have him. Wicked is a tense, chilling thriller with flashes of noir mixed with dark comedy. Julia Stiles is electric in her breakout role, producing a nuanced portrayal that still incites empathy for a character whose actions are truly detestable. The film was a smash at the 1998 Sundance Film Festival where Stiles’ performance made her “the darling of the festival”. She also won the award for Best Actress at the Karlovy Vary International Film Festival in the Czech Republic.

Still image of Elijah Wood as Mark Evans and Macaulay Culkin as Henry Evans in the 1993 psychological thriller "The Good Son".

The Good Son
Macaulay Culkin is arguably the greatest child actor in the history of Hollywood and he really shows off his range in the 1993 psychological thriller, The Good Son. Written by Booker Prize-winning novelist Ian McEwan (Atonement), the film features Elijah Wood, as Mark Evans, who moves in with his aunt, uncle, and cousins after his mother dies. Reconnecting with your family is usually fun and a good source of healing. But not for Mark, who quickly learns his cousin, Henry (Culkin), is a brutal psychopath. Henry causes a massive car crash, tries to kill his sister Connie (twice), and admits to drowning his late brother over the ownership of a rubber duck, establishing himself as one of the great evil child characters. The Good Son fell flat with critics, who bristled at the twisted narrative and felt uncomfortable seeing Macaulay Culkin in such a villainous role. Honestly, that just makes the film more appealing audiences clearly agreed, buying $60 million worth of tickets during the film’s theatrical run.

Still image of Lina Leandersson as Eli in the 2008 Swedish romantic horror film "Let the Right One In".

Let the Right One In
Nobody ever thinks of vampires as young children. They appear to us as a dashing Romanian count, a charismatic Parisian actor, or a glittering centenarian posing as a high schooler. The 2008 Swedish film Let the Right One In, based on the novel by John Ajvide Lindqvist, flips vampire tropes on their head with their humanist treatment of 12-year-old vampire Eli. During a dark, snowy Swedish winter, Oskar, a shy child who’s a favorite target of bullies, meets his new neighbor Eli. The two loners bond, building a friendship that only deepens when Oskar discovers Eli is a vampire. The film is a beautiful exploration of humanity featuring moving performances and brilliant cinematography by Hoyte van Hoytema. Bloody Disgusting ranked it as the best horror film of the decade, calling it an “austerely beautiful creation”. Let the Right One In won dozens of awards including five Guldbagges at the Swedish Oscars.

Still image of Jacob Kogan as piano prodigy Joshua Cairn in the 2007 psychological thriller "Joshua".

Joshua
Every parent would be thrilled if their child was a prodigy, right? Well, not so fast. The 2007 thriller Joshua stars Sam Rockwell and Vera Farmiga (her second entry on this list) as parents to 9-year-old piano prodigy Joshua (Jacob Kogan). Everything seems to be idyllic at first, (aside from Joshua’s penchant to dress like a young Patrick Bateman, a huge red flag), until Joshua’s parents come home with his baby sister Lily. The wannabe Mozart shows his sociopathic side and begins to terrorize his family. He kills the family dog, gaslights his mother until she’s committed, tries to murder his sister, does murder his grandmother, and frames his father for abuse. Joshua is a creepy, disturbing psychological thriller, with Duane Byrge writing for The Hollywood Reporter the film is a “brilliant house-of-horror tale with Hitchcockian flare.” It was also well-received on the festival circuit, being nominated for the Grand Jury Prize and winning the Cinematography Award at the 2007 Sundance Film Festival.

Still image of Blake Woodruff as David in the 2007 horror film "Whisper".

Whisper
It seems that 2007 was an especially good year for movies featuring evil children. Whisper is a chilling slow burn featuring Josh Holloway and Sarah Wayne Callies as a down-on-their-luck couple who, after being denied a bank loan, decide to take part in kidnapping a child to get the money they need. It’s a drastic step and one that backfires spectacularly when the child, eight-year-old David, starts commanding the members of the kidnapping ring to kill each other. It turns out that David is actually a demon with the power to convince mere mortals to do anything with only a whisper. Of course, David’s actions aren’t necessarily evil in this context. He was kidnapped after all. However, a demon child with supernatural powers of persuasion is pretty darn evil.

Still image of a child in a blue smock wearing a painted hood/mask from J.A. Bayona's 2007 gothic supernatural horror film "The Orphanage".

The Orphanage (El orfanato)
Another 2007 entry on our list is The Orphanage, a Spanish-Mexican gothic horror film that grossed almost $80 million and won seven Goya Awards (the Spanish equivalent of the Oscars). J.A. Bayona’s directorial debut follows a woman, Laura, who brings her family back to her childhood home, a now-closed orphanage. She intends to reopen the orphanage as a home for disabled children, but things start to go haywire when Laura’s son Simon makes an invisible new friend and disappears soon after. The Orphanage earned praise for its grounded approach to horror, relying on craft rather than CG or gore. As Ellie Violet Bramley wrote for The Guardian, “It’s the humanity of the thing that went bump in the night that makes you shudder for a long while after.”

Still image of Lisa and Louise Burns as the Grady twins in Stanley Kubrick's 1980 psychological horror film "The Shining".

The Shining
A bonafide horror classic, Stanley Kubrick’s The Shining proved to be both terrifying on screen and on set. Adapted from Stephen King’s novel of the same name, The Shining follows Jack Torrance (Jack Nicholson) as a writer and recovering alcoholic who takes a job as the offseason caretaker of the Overlook Hotel deep in the Colorado Rockies. Jack, his wife Wendy (Shelley Duvall), and their son Danny (Danny Lloyd) are soon snowed in, and that’s where the “fun” begins. Jack slowly loses his sanity, the hotel is haunted, and Danny turns out to have psychic powers (“the shining”). Now, Danny isn’t the evil child that got The Shining on this list. It’s those creepy twins in the hallway. Pure nightmare fuel. The girls are actually the murdered daughters of the former caretaker, who went insane and murdered his whole family. So while the girls may not have started out as well, there’s no mistaking their malevolent intentions when they ask Danny, “Come and play with us…Forever… and ever… and ever.”


An itinerant storyteller, John Drain attended the University of Edinburgh before studying film at DePaul University in Chicago and later earned an MFA in Screenwriting from the American Film Institute Conservatory. John focuses on writing mysteries and thrillers featuring characters who are thrown into the deep end of the pool and struggle to just keep their heads above water. His work has been recognized by the Academy Nicholls Fellowship, the Austin Film Festival, ScreenCraft, Cinestory, and the Montreal Independent Film Festival. In a previous life, John created and produced theme park attractions across the globe for a wide variety of audiences. John keeps busy in his spare time with three Dungeons and Dragons campaigns and a seemingly never-ending stack of medieval history books.

Mad Hatter and “Batman: The Animated Series”: When Wonderland Came To Gotham

Sometimes in the far reaches of space, two stars orbit each other closely and, over time, spiral inward until they collide, creating a magnetic field more than a trillion times stronger than Earth. The subsequent explosion is called a gamma-ray burst, the brightest and most energetic type of event since the Big Bang. The result? It can form a black hole, a body of pure nothingness where not even light can escape. Or the collision can create a brand new neutron star, bigger and heavier than before.

What does this have to do with Alice in Wonderland? Well, in 1948 Lew Sayre Schwartz and comic book pioneer Bill Finger engineered a stellar collision of their own when they turned Lewis Carroll’s Mad Hatter into a villain for Batman #49. The joining of Wonderland and Gotham was like two pop culture stars slamming into each other, producing a massive gamma-ray burst and creating a new, compelling take on an iconic character. Forty-four years after the Mad Hatter first terrorized Gotham, Paul Dini brought him to the screen in Season One of the groundbreaking show, Batman: The Animated Series.

Still image from the episode "Mad as a Hatter" of the animated show "Batman: The Animated Series" featuring Batman confronting Jervis Tetch/the Mad Hatter.

The Mad Hatter of Batman: The Animated Series (BTAS) is more grounded than in Carroll’s books, shaped to fit within the more realistic parameters of the noir-tinted cartoon. Hatter is the evil persona of Jervis Tetch, who is first introduced as a socially awkward but brilliant scientist developing mind-control chips for Wayne Enterprises. Tetch is a devotee of Lewis Carroll’s works and is obsessed with the office executive assistant, Alice, who (obviously) has blonde hair with bangs and wears a blue dress.

Tetch’s first appearance comes in the Season One episode, “Mad as a Hatter ”, in which transformation into the villainous Hatter takes place. Tetch is overjoyed when he learns that Alice and her boyfriend, Billy, have broken up and uses his mind control chips in an effort to impress her on a night town. He plays the bigshot, putting chips on servers, photographers, the maitre d’, and anyone who makes him look important to Alice. But he is driven mad with rage and jealousy when Alice reveals that she and Billy made up. Worse, they’re engaged. Tetch uses his mind control technology to make Billy dump Alice (again) and later kidnaps her. Batman becomes suspicious of Tetch when he connects the mind control cards to an illustration of Alice in Wonderland in Tetch’s office showing the Mad Hatter with the same type of card in his hat. Batman confronts Tetch in “Wonderland”, a section of the Gotham Storybook Land amusement park. After a thrilling fight, Batman throws his Batarang at the cords holding up a large Jabberwock statue. The Batarang cuts the cords and the statue falls on Tetch, trapping him. Batman frees Alice and Billy from Tetch’s mind-control devices and Tetch is thrown into Arkham Asylum.

Still image from the episode "Mad as a Hatter" of the animated show "Batman: The Animated Series" featuring Jervis Tetch/the Mad Hatter and Alice.

“Mad as a Hatter” is overflowing with references to Alice. Tetch constantly quotes the books, muttering “curiouser and curiouser” when he finds Alice crying about her break-up and exclaiming “Callooh! Callay! O frabjous day!” after his first “date” with her. As he descends into madness, Tetch dresses his henchmen as Alice characters including the Walrus and the Carpenter, Cheshire Cat, Caterpillar, the White Rabbit, and the Red Queen. Finally, when his defeat is clear, Tetch quotes the “Lobster Quadrille,” lamenting that he “could not join the dance.” For fans of Alice easter eggs, this episode is like being alone at an easter egg roll.

Writers Laren Bright and Michael Reaves continued to mine Carroll’s themes and devices in Hatter’s second appearance, “Perchance to Dream”. It opens with Batman being knocked out and waking up in a “Wonderland,” one where Batman is someone else, he (Bruce Wayne) is engaged to Selina Kyle, and his parents are still alive. Though tempted to remain in this “perfect” world, Bruce can’t shake the idea that something is wrong. He eventually deduces that he is stuck in a dream world. He confronts “Batman” and it turns out that the Caped Crusader is none other than Jervis Tetch, who has (predictably) escaped from Arkham Asylum. Tetch used his mind control technology to create a dream world for Bruce to keep Batman out of his own life. Bruce breaks out of the dream world and defeats Tetch in the real world, leading to Tetch being arrested again and sent to Arkham. The episode is a beautiful exploration of love and loss and shows the potential of using established works to enrich another storytelling world.

Still image from the episode "Perchance to Dream" of the animated show "Batman: The Animated Series" featuring Bruce Wayne and Jervis Tetch/the Mad Hatter.

In “The Worry Men” Hatter escapes from Arkham again (they really need to do something about the security in that place) and travels to South America, where he brainwashes the wealthy Veronica Vreeland into transporting Worry Men dolls back to Gotham and giving them out to her high society friends. The dolls contain Hatter’s brainwashing chips, resulting in Gotham’s wealthy elite funneling $100 million to Tetch/Hatter. But once Batman realizes that he has been hoodwinked into sending Tetch money, he tracks down the mad villain and makes him pay for his crimes.

The Mad Hatter’s final appearance as a main villain in Batman: The Animated Series comes in the Season Two episode “Trial”. He uses his mind control chips to brainwash the Arkham guards (again, that facility really needs a security audit) so that he and other icons of the Gotham rogues gallery can take control of the asylum. They kidnap District Attorney Janet Van Dorn, well known for her anti-Batman beliefs, and later lure the Dark Knight to Arkham where he is arrested. The villains then put Batman on trial for being responsible for their various conditions and evil deeds, calling to mind the Red Queen’s kangaroo court in Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland. Despite her dislike of Batman, Van Dorn defends him and, to everyone’s surprise, gets him acquitted, though Batman is still forced to fight his way out after the Joker and other villains decide to disregard the “verdict”.

Still image from the animated show "Batman: The Animated Series" featuring Jervis Tetch/the Mad Hatter with his hands clasped and a maniacal grin.

The Mad Hatter in Batman: The Animated Series is an excellent example of using existing I.P. to create something fresh and exciting. The writers and producers of BTAS took the iconography and themes from Lewis Carroll’s work and perfectly grafted them onto the world of their show. The Alice references in “Mad as a Hatter” fueled a thoroughly entertaining adventure. Their use of dreams and a “Wonderland” in “Perchance to Dream” is a perfect marriage of Carroll’s themes and the tragedy of Bruce Wayne/Batman’s life. Their grounded construction of Jervis Tetch/the Mad Hatter delves into the birth of madness, imbuing the character with the intensely human emotions of jealousy and obsession, which motivate his transformation into the insane milliner.


An itinerant storyteller, John Drain attended the University of Edinburgh before studying film at DePaul University in Chicago and later earned an MFA in Screenwriting from the American Film Institute Conservatory. John focuses on writing mysteries and thrillers featuring characters who are thrown into the deep end of the pool and struggle to just keep their heads above water. His work has been recognized by the Academy Nicholls Fellowship, the Austin Film Festival, ScreenCraft, Cinestory, and the Montreal Independent Film Festival. In a previous life, John created and produced theme park attractions across the globe for a wide variety of audiences. John keeps busy in his spare time with three Dungeons and Dragons campaigns and a seemingly never-ending stack of medieval history books.

Top 10 Julia Stiles Performances Ranked

Julia Stiles recently wrapped production on her directorial debut, “Wish You Were Here,” which she adapted from the bestseller of the same name by Renee Carlino. The romance stars Isabelle Fuhrman (The Hunger Games, The Novice) as a directionless server whose whirlwind one-night-stand with a terminally ill painter changes both of their lives. The film marks the culmination of an evolution for the Emmy and Golden Globe-nominated Stiles. With her tour-de-force breakthrough in the thriller Wicked, directed by Michael Steinberg and produced by Frank Beddor, Stiles launched a near-thirty-year career in front of the camera, which has produced a wide range of entertaining, compelling, and iconic performances. With her first directorial effort in the can, let’s take a look back at Julia Stiles’ top ten roles.


Still image of Julia Stiles and Heath Ledger covered in paint from the 1999 teen romantic comedy film "10 Things I Hate About You".

10 Things I Hate About You

Following the rabid reaction at Sundance to her debut lead role in Wicked, Julia Stiles was cast in the 1999 romantic comedy 10 Things I Hate About You, Gil Junger’s modern-day retelling of William Shakespeare’s The Taming of the Shrew. Stiles is transcendent as Katarina “Kat” Strafford, an antisocial high schooler who is pursued by Patrick Verona (Heath Ledger), an Australian bad boy who is paid to woo Kat as part of a plot designed to get her father (Larry Miller) to relax his restrictions regarding dating for Kat and her younger sister Bianca (Larisa Oleynik). Starring opposite the sublime Ledger, Stiles deftly blends rage, intelligence, and vulnerability to create a beautiful portrayal of a young woman learning to allow herself to be loved and be loved. The film grossed $60 million at the box office and has become an iconic piece of 90s pop culture. The emotional core of the movie, Stiles’ performance was lauded by critics and led to a Most Promising Actress award from the Chicago Film Critics Association and established her as an up-and-coming star.

Still image of Julia Stiles and Sean Patrick Thomas dancing from the 2001 romance film "Save the Last Dance".

Save the Last Dance

Stiles cemented her status as a cult teen hero with her turn as Julliard hopeful Sara Johnson in the 2001 hit Save the Last Dance. A part of the wave of early 2000s teen dance movies, Save the Last Dance follows Sara, who quits ballet and moves to the South Side of Chicago with her father after her mother dies in a car accident. Depressed and struggling to navigate her new life, Sara is reinvigorated when she falls for Derek (Sean Patrick Thomas) at a hip-hop dance club at her new school. Their love motivates Sara to continue to pursue her passion for ballet and her dreams of attending Julliard. Stiles again imbues her character with a strength and wit uncommon for the genre and displays undeniable chemistry with Thomas. Stiles trained in ballet and hip-hop for two months ahead of shooting, preparation that paid off when Save the Last Dance debuted at #1 at the box office en route to taking in $131.7 million worldwide. Stiles was nominated for a host of awards and that dance scene has become an iconic teen movie moment, which she reenacted alongside Chloe Fineman on Saturday Night Live in 2023.

Still image of Julia Stiles and Michael C. Hall in a bathroom from Season 5 of the Showtime crime drama television series "Dexter".

Dexter – Season 5

Julia Stiles breathed new life into Dexter with her performance as Lumen Pierce in Season 5. Pierce is a survivor of an attack by a group of men including rapist-serial killer Boyd Fowler. When Pierce witnesses Dexter (Michael C. Hall) kill Fowler, she tries to convince the vigilante to help her take revenge on the rest of her attackers. Initially reluctant, Dexter eventually agrees to help her get vengeance and the two kindred souls develop a romantic relationship. In Dexter, Stiles showcases her ability to portray strength through vulnerability. Her grounded style lends authenticity to the sometimes over-the-top show and helps to humanize Hall’s murderous forensic technician. Stiles’ ten-episode arc as Lumen Pierce “totally changed” her mind about working in television and proved to be one of the most critically acclaimed roles of her career, resulting in Golden Globes and Emmy nominations.

Still image of Julia Stiles in a red shirt and heavy eye shadow from the 1998 thriller film "Wicked".

Wicked

Julia Stiles’ audition for disturbed Ellie Christianson in the 1998 thriller Wicked blew away director Michael Steinberg and producer Frank Beddor, who said, “…we knew. She was Ellie. She also had IT.” The sixteen-year-old Stiles continued to wow her employers and co-stars with her intense portrayal of Ellie, a fourteen-year-old whose twisted obsession with her father (William R. Moses) and hatred of her mother (Chelsea Field) leads to horrifying consequences. Stiles’ performance is pure adolescent rage, depicting a girl who hates the world and will stop at nothing to get what she wants. But Ellie is no caricature. Stiles continuously reminds us that Ellie is still a child, adding depth and shading by showing her character’s insecurities. The result is a nuanced portrayal that still incites empathy for a character whose actions are truly detestable. Wicked proved to be Stiles’ breakthrough. The film was a smash at the 1998 Sundance Film Festival where Stiles’ performance made her “the darling of the festival” and she won the award for Best Actress at the Karlovy Vary International Film Festival in the Czech Republic.

Still image of Julia Stiles and Matt Damon from Paul Greengrass' 2007 espionage action-thriller film "The Bourne Ultimatum".

Bourne Franchise

Julies Stiles stole scenes with her role as CIA logistics technician Nicky Parsons in four of the Jason Bourne films opposite Matt Damon’s amnesiac assassin. An adversary turned ally, Parsons works for Treadstone, a shadowy CIA black-ops program that utilizes behavioral modification to develop almost superhuman assassins. In the first two films, The Bourne Identity and The Bourne Supremacy, Parsons is a CIA operative who aids the hunt to capture Bourne. But in the third film, The Bourne Ultimatum, Parsons grows disillusioned with the CIA and helps Bourne evade his pursuers. As a character archetype, Nicky Parsons could’ve simply been a functionary. A character whose sole purpose was to move the plot forward by feeding information and exposition to the protagonist. But in Stiles’ hands, Nicky becomes essential to Bourne’s growth as a character. Stiles matches Damon’s intensity step for step, helping to set the foundation for a series of brooding, gritty, and spellbinding action thrillers.

Still image of Julia Stiles in a sauna from the 2001 drama film "The Business of Strangers".

The Business of Strangers

Tony-winning actor Stockard Channing said of her The Business of Strangers co-star: “In addition to her talent, she has an almost feral quality, something that can make people uneasy. She has an effect on people.” Rave reviews from critics are wonderful, but it’s arguably more important when praise comes from those you work with. In Patrick Stettner’s indie drama, Julia Stiles plays Paula, an assistant who helps her former boss Julie take revenge on Nick, a headhunter with whom Paula has a dark connection, when the three are stuck in a hotel after their flights are canceled. Paula is a woman of many secrets, and Stiles plays it perfectly, setting up a series of thrilling twists and turns. Her chemistry with Channing is electric and their back-and-forth drives the emotional resonance of the story. Stiles again reveled in success at Sundance as the film was nominated for a Grand Jury Prize and she was later nominated for Best Supporting Actress at the Satellite Awards.

Still image of Julia Stiles and Alec Baldwin in front of a window from the 2000 David Mamet dark comedy film "State and Main".

State and Main

One of the hallmarks of Julia Stiles’ career is her ability to elevate an ensemble. This talent is conspicuously on display in David Mamet’s 2000 comedy State and Main. The film tracks the effects that a film production and its crew have on a small Vermont town. It’s packed with stars, including William H. Macy, Sarah Jessica Parker, and Philip Seymour Hoffman (and John Krasinski in his acting debut). Stiles plays Carla, a crafty local who develops a relationship with Alec Baldwin’s Bob Barrenger, the film’s star who is attracted to underage girls. Stiles is electric in her nuanced portrayal of Carla, showcasing once again her ability to show strength through vulnerability. Her performance is an essential piece of a stellar cast, one that earned Best Cast awards from the Florida Film Critics Circle, the Online Film Critics Society, and the National Board of Review.

Still image of Julia Stiles and Jennifer Lopez in a prison interrogation room from the 2019 crime comedy-drama film "Hustlers".

Hustlers

Lorene Scafaria’s 2019 crime comedy-drama Hustlers is a visually stunning caper that blends piercing comedy with profound character work. The surprise hit drew comparisons to Goodfellas and praise for the star-studded cast, which included Jennifer Lopez, Constance Wu, Lili Reinhart, Keke Palmer, Lizzo, Cardi B, and, of course, Julia Stiles. Stiles portrays Elizabeth, a journalist following the exploits of a group of New York City strippers who drug and rob stock traders and corporate executives who patronize their club. Stiles doesn’t have the most glamorous role in the film, but she performs an essential function that makes the movie work. Her character represents the audience, giving us a platform through which we empathize and come to love these characters. Her blend of strength and warmth is on full display as she endeavors to tell the story of this diverse, multi-dimensional group of women.

Still image of Julia Stiles, Jennifer Lawrence, and Bradley Cooper from the 2012 David O. Russell romantic dramedy film "Silver Linings Playbook".

Silver Linings Playbook

Julia Stiles once again proves a scene stealer in David O. Russell’s Oscar-nominated 2012 romantic dramedy Silver Linings Playbook. The film follows a former teacher, Pat Solitano (Bradley Cooper), with bipolar disorder who endeavors to win back his ex-wife after being released from a psychiatric hospital. But his plans are thrown into glorious disarray when he meets Tiffany Maxwell, a widowed dancer who promises to help Pat win his wife back if he enters a dance competition with her. In a supporting cast filled with heavyweights including Robert De Niro, Jacki Weaver, and Chris Tucker, Stiles stands out as Veronica, Tiffany’s spirited sister. Stiles punctuates brilliant performances from Cooper and Lawrence with her strength and energy, perfectly encapsulating the Philadelphia energy. Stiles earned a host of awards nominations as part of the ensemble, winning at the Critics’ Choice Movie Awards, as the film was nominated for eight Academy Awards, with Lawrence winning for Best Actress.

Still image of Julia Stiles and Mekhi Phifer sitting in a high school gym from the 2001 romantic thriller film "O".

O

The turn of the century saw a run on modern-day retellings of William Shakespeare’s works and Stiles seemed to appear in every one. After starring in 10 Things I Hate About You and Hamlet opposite Ethan Hawke, Stiles plays the Desdemona character in Tim Blake Nelson’s adaptation of Othello, O. Led by Mekhi Phifer as Odin (Othello), and Josh Hartnett as Hugo (Iago), O sets the Bard’s tragedy in a posh prep school where Hugo concocts a devious plan to destroy Odin due to his jealousy of Odin’s heroic exploits on the basketball court. Stiles and Phifer have electric chemistry as the doomed lovers, playing their complex relationship with nuance and power. Stiles imbues Desi with a hidden strength and engenders empathy in the viewers, making for a heart-wrenching experience when Hugo’s plot comes to fruition and Odin tragically murders Desi. Stiles’ firm grasp of her craft and psychology helps to show the continuing relevance of Shakespeare’s work.


An itinerant storyteller, John Drain attended the University of Edinburgh before studying film at DePaul University in Chicago and later earned an MFA in Screenwriting from the American Film Institute Conservatory. John focuses on writing mysteries and thrillers featuring characters who are thrown into the deep end of the pool and struggle to just keep their heads above water. His work has been recognized by the Academy Nicholls Fellowship, the Austin Film Festival, ScreenCraft, Cinestory, and the Montreal Independent Film Festival. In a previous life, John created and produced theme park attractions across the globe for a wide variety of audiences. John keeps busy in his spare time with three Dungeons and Dragons campaigns and a seemingly never-ending stack of medieval history books.

Poor Things: Is Alice in Wonderland at the Oscars?

Seventy-two years ago, Disney’s animated Alice in Wonderland walked away from the twenty-fourth Academy Awards empty-handed after composer Oliver Wallace lost to Johnny Green and Saul Chaplin (An American in Paris) for what was then called Best Scoring of a Musical Picture. In 2011 Tim Burton’s Alice adaptation took home statuettes for Best Art Direction (Robert Stromberg and Karen O’Hara) and Best Costume Design (Colleen Atwood) having also scored a nomination for Best Visual Effects. This Sunday, Alice will again be attending the Oscars. But in true Wonderland fashion, she’ll be in disguise as Emma Stone’s intrepid heroine Bella Baxter from Yorgos Lanthimos’ surreal masterpiece, Poor Things. Widely regarded as one of best films of the years, Poor Things is nominated for 11 Academy Awards (Best Picture, Best Director, and Best Actress) and has already won five BAFTAs and two Golden Globes amongst a host of other awards. While the film is not an Alice adaptation, nor does it reference Lewis Carroll’s novel, but Lanthimos’ construction of the world of Poor Things and Bella’s character arc are classic Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, an odyssey of self-discovery through a strange yet beautiful world. 

Poor Things begins as Bella Baxter ends (the first time). The eccentric (some might say mad) doctor and scientist Godwin Baxter (the sublime Willem Defoe) saves Bella’s life by transplanting the still-living brain of her unborn fetus after jumping off a bridge. As a result, Bella begins the film with the intellectual and emotional maturity of an infant. She rapidly matures, however, transitioning to a teenage mindset throughout the first act, discovering sexual pleasure and masturbation. Her world continues to broaden when she meets Max McCandles (Ramy Youssef), her father’s assistant. McCandles swiftly falls for Bella and she accepts his marriage proposal. But Bella’s curiosity for the outside world and thirst for sexual exploration leads her to run off with her father’s debauched, scoundrel of lawyer, Duncan Wedderburn (the delightfully outrageous Mark Ruffalo). What follows is a coming-of-age epic equal parts sensual, troubling, and enlightening. 

Still image of Emma Stone as Bella Baxter with a glass bubble over her head from Yorgos Lanthimos' "Poor Things".

So what does this have to do with Alice in Wonderland? Well, it can (and will) be argued that Bella is an Alice avatar, that Poor Things is an adult version of Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland. Alice’s journey is one of self-discovery, in which her journey through a strange, seemingly arbitrary world informs how she defines herself. When the Caterpillar asks Alice who she is, Alice replies, “I-I hardly know, Sir, just at present – at least I know who I was when I got up this morning, but I think I must have changed several times since then.”

Alice feeling like she has gone through rapid change mirrors Bella’s arc over the course of Poor Things. Bella rushes through her emotional development, going from an infant to an emotional mature adult in the span of about a year. Just as Alice feels anxious about her sudden changes, Bella also experiences intense shock at certain points throughout her journey. One pivotal experience comes when the cruise ship on which Bella and Duncan are traveling stops at Alexandria, Egypt. Bella disembarks and is horrified to witness the intense suffering of the city’s indigent. 

Still image of sandstone tower in Alexandria from Yorgos Lanthimos' "Poor Things".

Prior to this experience, Bella had been sheltered. Whether confined to the twisted yet familiar environs of Godwin’s home or ensconced in the variety of sensual pleasures offered by Libson hotels and Mediterranean cruise ships during her galavanting with Duncan, Bella had never experienced, much less seen, true suffering. This revelation is devastating and causes Bella to experience an existential crisis, questioning everything she’d ever been told. Her distress and inexperience with the “real world” leads her to make the impulsive decision to give the ship’s crew Duncan’s money, who falsely promise to use it to support the poor of Alexandria. This has disastrous consequences on Bella and Duncan, leaving them penniless and stranded in Marseille. Yet the experience causes Bella to grow, giving her a more realistic view of people and morality. 

One of the common beliefs about Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland is that it is a pure nonsense tale in which Alice breezes from one surreal episode to the next until she wakes up back in Oxford, her odyssey in Wonderland ostensibly just a dream. Yet Alice does undergo a change throughout her story. At the Knave of Hearts’ trial, Alice becomes more confident in herself, criticizing the arbitrary nature of the inquest and standing up for herself in front of the Queen of Hearts. Alice’s experiences in Wonderland did change her. Alice needed to be independent and think for herself in order to navigate that wild world and those lessons prepared her to confront the tyrannical Queen at the end of the story. 

Still image of Emma Stone as Bella Baxter in a white dress from Yorgos Lanthimos' "Poor Things".

Similarly, Bella’s experiences with Duncan, in Alexandria, and in her time as a sex worker in Marseille prepared her to confront her ex-husband, the sadistic General Alfie Blessington. Blessington was the reason for Bella’s suicide in her previous life, his cruelty and controlling nature driving her to jump into the Thames rather than let her and her child suffer under his tyranny. But by the end of the film Bella has developed a strong sense of her own independence and competency, leading her to exact revenge on her former tormentor. It is a powerful moment, showing how the lessons imparted struggle can lead to triumph. 

The world’s of Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland and Poor Things also perform similar functions in relation to their protagonists. With both stories initially set in Victorian England, their secondary worlds provide a juxtaposition of customs and rules to the protagonists’ primary worlds. Carroll’s Wonderland is a surreal dreamworld characterized by non-existent rules and ever-changing properties. It is designed to confuse and frustrate Alice’s preconceived notions. Lanthimos’ world is not a fictional realm, it is a twisted version of our world, yet operates as Wonderland due to Bella’s unfamiliarity. The fantastical steampunk aesthetic reflects Bella’s point of view as she moves through a world filled with strange customs and confusing behavior. Both Alice and Bella have unreliable guides. Alice’s include the White Rabbit, the Caterpillar, and Cheshire Cat, while Bella must navigate the ulterior motives of Duncan and Madame Swiney in order to extract value from their examples. For both characters, their “Wonderlands” function as teachers, interacting with them so they can grow and change. 

Still image of Lisbon buildings from Yorgos Lanthimos' "Poor Things".

While not overtly influenced by Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, Poor Things’ narrative and protagonist certainly share Alice-ean functions and characteristics. Bella’s odyssey of self-discovery through Yorgos Lanthimos’ beautifully crafted world thematically mirrors Alice’s own journey through Wonderland, with both experiences inspiring the characters to grow, becoming more self-confident and self-assured than their former selves. Alice may not be on stage this Sunday at the Dolby Theatre nor may she be thanked if Poor Things captures any gold statuettes, but, nevertheless, the film owes a debt to the type of fantastical coming-of-age story that Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland helped popularize.


An itinerant storyteller, John Drain attended the University of Edinburgh before studying film at DePaul University in Chicago and later earned an MFA in Screenwriting from the American Film Institute Conservatory. John focuses on writing mysteries and thrillers featuring characters who are thrown into the deep end of the pool and struggle to just keep their heads above water. His work has been recognized by the Academy Nicholls Fellowship, the Austin Film Festival, ScreenCraft, Cinestory, and the Montreal Independent Film Festival. In a previous life, John created and produced theme park attractions across the globe for a wide variety of audiences. John keeps busy in his spare time with three Dungeons and Dragons campaigns and a seemingly never-ending stack of medieval history books.